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m h .S w h S 3 Y. A W A R A L W G. M M 0 m MACHINE PoR FORMING HoLLoWWARE PROM PULP. No. 462,802.

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G. W. LARAWAY. MACHINE FOR PORMING HOLLOW WARE FROM PULP.

No. 462,802. Patented Nov. 10, 1891.

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3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

G. W. LARAWAY.

(No Model.)

MACHINE FOR PORMING HOLLOW WARE PROM PULP.

Patented Nov. 10, 1891.

UNirE STATES PATENT OFFICE.

GEORGE lVASIIINGTON LARAVAY, OF ST. CLOUD, MINNESOTA, ASSIGNOR OFONE-HALF TO .IOSIAII E. VEST, OF SAME PLACE.

MACHINE FOR FORIVHNG HOLLOW WARE FROM PULP.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 462,802, dated November10,1891.

Application iiled November 25, 1890. Serial No. 372,623. (No model.)

T0 all whom t ntcty colncen:

Be it known that I, GEORGE WASHINGTON LARAWAY, a citizen of the UnitedStates, residing at St. Cloud, in the count-y of Stearns and State ofMinnesota, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Machinesfor Forming Hollow lVare from Pulp; and I do hereby declare that thefollowing is a full, clear, and exact description of the same, referencebeing had to the annexed drawings, making a part of this specification,and to the letters of reference marked thereon.

Figure l of the drawings represents a side elevation of my improvedmachine, partly in section; Fig. 2, a horizontal section of the machine,taken online .c .e of Fig. l; Fig. 3,a top plan view of the upperportion of the machine; Fig. 4, a horizontal section of the machine,taken on line y rj of Fig. l; Fig. 5, adetail sectional view, on anenlarged scale, of the expansible former or mold and its surroundingparts, showing the sections thereof in an extended position against thematerial which is to form the pail or other vessel; Fig. ti, a detailview in perspective of one of the sections which constitute the formeror inner mold; Fig. 7, a detail plan view of several of said sections,showing their relative positionA to each other when extended and theguides between them. Fig. S represents a horizontal section through themold-section, taken on line o2 of Fig. G.

The present invention has relation to that class of machines especiallyconstructed to form hollow ware from a material consisting of a drymixture of paper or other pulp and a gummy or resinous matter, which maybe molded and vulcanized by the heat maintained in the molding-surfaces,although it is obvious, however, that the molding-surfaces may beprovided with means for drainage, such as is commonly employed, when themachine will be adapted for operation upon the ordinary liquid pulp, inwhich case the'means for heating the molding devices may of course beomitted, if desired.

The object of the invention is to improve such machines in the' severaldetails of construction, Whereby the operation of forming the article isgreatly facilitated, a more perfect and satisfactorycompression of thepulp, liber, or other material is obtained, and, if a vulcanizablecomposition is operated up0n,a perfect vulcanized water-proof pail orother similar vessel is completed and finished in a comparatively shortspace of time.

The invention consistsin the several details of construction whereby theabove-named objects are attained, such construction being substantiallyshown in the drawings and hereinafter described and claimed.

In the accompanying drawings, A represents a hollow cylinder, whichforms the base or support of the machine, the same being cast withradial open-slotted arms o r other suitable extensions, as shown at u,and to which are suitably pivoted the lower ends of clamp-bars B, theupper extremities thereof.

terminating in handles b and laterally-extending jaws c, the purpose ofwhich will be hereinafter described. The chamber d of the hollowcylinder A communicates with a suitable hydraulic apparatus through thepipe e, through which water is forced into the chamber under the headfof a ram or plunger C. This plunger, if preferred, may be constructedof two sections, the lower section, with the head above described, beingof cast-iron and the upper section of steel, connected together by ascrew-coupling, as shown in dotted lines, Fig. l, of the drawings. Acap-plate g is secured by bolts h or other suitable means over the upperend of the cylinder A to close the upper section of the chamber therein.

The ram or plunger C may be operated by hydraulic, steam, or otherpower, as I do not desire to limit myself to any special construction ofthe cylinder A or the lower portion of the plunger, as it is evidentthat any plunger, shaft, or other equivalent device may be used that iscapable of having imparted to it a reciprocating motion to contract andexpand the sections constituting the form or inner mold, which isconnected thereto at its upper end, and which will be hereinafter.described.

To the radial arms a are bolted or other wise suitably connectedbrackets D, and to the upper ends of said brackets is connected thebaseplate E, the brackets forming supports therefor, said plate havingan inclined IOC) upper surface inclining in a direction downward towardthe center thereof, as shown at ft'. Connected to the base-plate E anddepending therefrom are slotted hangers 7c, and to these hangers arepivoted links F, said links in turn being pivoted at their inner ends toa suitable bracket G, which is held to the plunger C by set-screws Z.The outer ends of the links F have pivoted to them suitableclamping-levers H, terminating in handles m at their upper ends andrecessed, as shown at n, to engage with the arms o of a chamberedfollower I. The chamber p is for steam or other heating agent, and hassupply and exhaust ports, as shown at q r, respectively, in Fig. 3 ofthe drawings, the supply-port being connected by pipes orother -suitableand well-known means to a steam or other heatgenerating medium, wherethe chamber p obtains its supply, as is common in this class ofmachines. The arms 0 of the follower I have slotted ears s, extendinghori zontally upon opposite sides of said arms and with which engageheaded bolts t, the lower' ends thereof having screw-threads forconnecting them to ears u upon the upper ends of the chambered outermold K, which form the outer wall or sides of the pail or other vessel.The chamber v of the mold K extends entirely around the same andreceives its supply of steam or other heating medium or agent throughpipe w, and exhausts through pipe x' in the usual manner, as practicedin machines'of this class. The plunger C extends up centrally throughthe base-plate E,

and has an axial opening L to receive the stem M of aforming-disk N,said disk having its underside inclined in a direction toward the centerdownwardly, and has annular shoulders bto form a stop for the upper endsof a' plurality of sections P, which constitute the inner mold orformer.

The inclined surfaces of the base-plate E, as shown at z', and theinclined under side a of the disk N, in connection with the corresponding inclines upon the lower and upper ends ofthe sectionsP of theinner mold or former, are 'considered of material importance, in that amuch closer joint can be ob tained and consequently greater securityagainst the material Working in between the mold-sections, and alsoenabling the toggles to-more readily pull the sections back than werethe surfaces perfectly fiat orhorizontal, thereby rendering the drawingback or moving outward of the mold-sections much easier and consequentlymore effective in their purpose. Thestem M of the disk N also serves atwofold purpose in acting as a guide to retain the disk centrally, andalso when the toggles R, which connect the sections P to the plunger C,are horizontal or straight across, as shown in Fig. 5, and doing theirheavy A work, the lower end of the opening L will medium of pivotedlinks F and clamp-le vers H.

The toggles R are connected to the moldsections P and plunger C byauniversal joint, thereby admitting or allowing of any slight movement ofthe sections in any direction without producing any strain on thetoggles and securing a more perfect and easy movement of the sectionwhen/being eX- panded and contracted, which universal joint isconsidered of great importance over the toggle connections heretoforeemployed, as it produces a more successful operation of the expansiblemold or former and in proportion enhances thevalue of the machine. Thetoggles R have balls c at their extremities, which fit in sockets in theplunger C and section P, respectively; but any well-known universal#joint connection between the toggles, plunger, and sections may besubstituted for that shown.

In connecting the toggles to the plunger and sections of the mold orformer I prefer to make longitudinal grooves in the periphery of theplunger extending from the top downward to a certain distance, andsimilar grooves are made in the sections, but from the bottom upward,both of Vwhich grooves are greater than a semicircle in cross-sectionsand of asize to receive the balls on the extremities of tho toggles,which are inserted from the open ends of the grooves. The lower ones ofthe toggles are first inserted from the top'of the grooves in theplunger and slid down, so that the balls on the ends thereof will restat thelower end of the grooves, after which rods S the size of the'grooves are inserted in like manner, and then the upper ones of thetoggles are inserted so that the balls on the ends thereof will rest inthe concavity on the upvper ends of the rods to form a seat therefor.

After the inner ends of the toggles are in en- -gagement with thegrooves in the plunger and the rods in place, as above described, and asshown more clearly in Fig. 5,suitable keys T Vare inserted over theballs on the ends of'the toggles and then screw-plugs U to retain thekeys in place. The outer ends of the toggles are engaged with thegrooves in the sections P in like manner and held therein by rods'V andkeys W and screw-plugs X, the rods, keys, and screw-plugs securelyholding the ball ends of the toggles in position in the grooves.

The upper ends of the rods S V have concavities at their ends to formseats for the ball ends of the toggles, and the lower ends of the rods Sand the several keys are beveled or cut away to allow the toggles toassume the angle necessary when the sections P are contracted, as shownin Fig. 1. f

Although I have in detail described the manner of connecting the togglesto the plunger and to the mold-sections, it is not at all necessary thatthey should be connected in the manner shown for the successfuloperation of the invention, as many forms of uni- IOO versal jointsmaybe substituted that are well known and that would perhaps be equallyas effective in securing an easy and perfect mo tion of the sections inextending and con tracting them. The mold-sections l) are held in theirrelative position and down on the hase-plate E by radial guides A',connected to the base-plate and extending between the sections, as shownin Fig. 7 of the drawings. The mold-sections I consist of a body portionP and a laterally-extendingwing B', the face of the body portion of theinold-section having a bevel substantially the extent of its width, asshown at C', and the laterally-extending wing having a curved face D anda beveled back E. These beveled and curved faces of the mold-section, asabove described, may vary in extent so long as such modifioation doesnot affect the principle of the invention, the overlapping of themold-sections forming perfect joints and keeping in close contact witheach other while contracting and expanding, and thereby preventing thedust or fiber or pulp from nding its way between the sections whileworking.

Although any number of sections I may be used, I have shown in thepresent instance twelve of these sections, and of course a correspondingnumber of toggles at both top and bottom, and as the material used fromwhich to produce the pail or other vessel does not enter into theinvention I reserve the right to employ any kind of liber, eitheranimal, vegetable, or mineral, as may be preferred.

In operating the machine the parts are in position as shown in Fig. l,the head f of plunger C being down to the bottom of chamber d and themold-sections P contracted, as shown, which leaves a space between themand the interior of the outer mold I( for the reception of the materialfromwhich the pail or other vessel is to be formed. The clamplevers llare now thrown out to disengage the upper ends with the arms o of thechambered follower I and said arms swung around to disengage the slottedears s with the headed bolts t. Now by a hydraulic crane or othersuitable hoisting apparatus connecting with the eye D the follower I islifted outof position in order to place the material in the spacebetween the sect-ions I and the inner side of the outer mold K, afterwhich said follower is placed back in position and the headed bolts tengaged with the slotted ears s and the clamp'lever ll engaged with thearms o, as shown in Fig. l. The plunger C is now forced up by hydraulicpressure or otl1erwise, which will force the sections l? outward againstthe material and compress it, and at the same time, through the mediumof the links Il and the clamp-levers II, will pull down the follower Ito form the bottom of the pail or other vessel simultaneously with thesides or walls thereof. Now steam or other heating medium or agent isintroduced into the chambers p t' to heat the follower I and mold K,respectively, so that when the machine is used on the mixture of pulpand a binding substance, hereinbcforc referred to, the binding materialwill be softened by the heat and the article so formed and compacted bythe pressure under heat may be removed, and an article will be quicklycompleted in the condition of the ordinary indurated or vulcanized warewithout an)1 further treatment. After this is accomplished the machineis reversed, the plunger C descending, and through the medium of itstoggle connections with the sections I the latter are contracted, asshown in Fig. l. The clampbars B, which securely hold the mold or formerK down on the base-plate E, are now released, and the clamp-levers II inlike manner are released from engagement with the arms o, after whichthe hydraulic crane or other hoistingmachine is again brought intooperation and follower I and mold K, which remains connected to saidfollower, are lifted off the machine. The followerI and the mold K beingnow out of the way, the pail or other vessel is left supported on thebase-plate E and is removed therefrom by a suitable tool and placed overa cold form for a short period, when it is ready for painting orgraining and hailing. The outer mold K is now replaced in position onthe base-plate E and the clamps B brought back to position, so that thejaws c will eugage with the circumferential flange E of the mold to holdit firmly down on the baseplate, after which the follower I isdisconnected from the mold and elevated out of the way for the purposeof again supplying the machine with the material necessary to form thepail or other vessel, when the operation is again repeated until anotherpail or vessel has been formed and removed from the machine, the pail orvessel being shown at Ii.

The inclined surfaces of the base-plate and the disk with its stem, alsothe form and shape of the movable mold-sections, together with theirtoggle connections, constitute important features of the invention,which are essential in rendering the operation of producing the pail orother article successful in its results. The outer mold detachably heldon the base-plate by the pivoted clamp-bars, the follower detachablyconnected to said mold, and the clamp-levers connected to the plunger bypivoted links by which the follower is brought down to form the bottomof the pail or vessel simultaneously with the sides or walls thereof asthe plunger ascends are fca tures of material importance and all gotoward making a successfully-operating machine and are susceptible ofmany changes or modifications without affecting the principle of theinvention, and therefore I reserve the right to make such changes in thedetails of construct-ion as would come within ordinary mechanical skill.

Having now fully described my invention, what I claim as new, and desireto secure by Letters Patent, is"

l. A mold-section having a body portion IOO IIO

and a lateral wing, the face of said body portion being beveled throughsubstantially its whole width and the wing having a curved face and abeveled back, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

2. The combination, with a plunger and a plurality of expansiblemold-sections and longitudinal grooves in said plunger and sections, oftoggles and means for holding them in the grooves, substantially asshown and described.

The combination, with a plurality of eX- pansible mold-sections havingtheir lower ends inclined, of a base-plate having an inclinedbearing-surface for the ends of said mold-sections and a pluralityofguides therefor, substantially as and for the purpose specied.

4. The combination, with a plunger and a plurality of expansiblemold-sections, both of which have longitudinal grooves, of toggleshaving ball ends seated in the grooves, and rods, keys, and plugs forretaining them therein, substantially-as and for the purpose described.

5. The combination, with a plunger, a plu; rality of mold-sections, andtoggles connected thereto, of a base-plate for supporting the sections,having an inclined upper surface, and a disk having acorrespondiugly-inclined under surface and supported upon the upper endsof the sections, substantially7 as and for the purpose specified.

6^. A plunger having an opening in its upper end, a plurality ofmold-sections, and toggles connected thereto,in combination with a diskhaving a centralstein extending into the opening in the end of theplunger and supported by the upper ends of the sections, substantiallyas and for the purpose set forth.

7. The combination of a plunger having an opening in its upper end, aplurality of mold- -sections, and suitable toggles, a base-plate havingan inclined upper surface, and a disk having an inclined under surfaceand a central stem, substantially as and for the purpose described.

S. The combination of an outer chambered mold, an inner mold consistingof a plurality of expansible sections, a base-plate for supporting thesame, and 'a chambered follower operating simultaneously with theexpansion.

of the sections to form the bottom and sides or walls of the pail orvessel, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

9. The combination, with a base-plate and an outer mold and means forholding said mold on the plate, of a follower and suitable means fordetachably connecting it to the mold, substantially as and forthepurpose set forth.

10. The combination, with a plunger, suitable toggle connections, and aplurality of mold -sections having laterally extending wings and angularheels and having their ends inclined, of a base-plate having an upperinclined surface, substantially as and for the purpose described.

l1. In a machine for forming hollow ware from pulp, a base-plate, anouter mold, anda follower, in combination with pivoted clampbars forholding the mold on the base-plate and clamp-levers adapted to engagewith the follower, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

l2. ln a machine for forming hollow ware from pulp, the combination of aplunger, eX pansible moldsections connected thereto, a follower, andmeans for operating it simultaneously with the expansion of thesections, consisting of pivoted clam p-levers adapted to engage with thefollower and pivoted links for connecting said levers with the plunger,substantially as and for the purpose described.-

13. In a machine for forming hollow ware from pulp, the combination of asuitable support or frame, a base-plate, an outer mold, and clau1p-barsfor holding it on the baseplate, a follower, and means for detachablyconnecting it to the mold, a plunger, eXpansible mold-sections connectedthereto, pivoted clamp-levers adapted to engage with the follower, andlinks pivoted to the levers and to hangers depending from the under sideofv the base-plate and to a bracket upon the plunger, substantially asand for the purpose set forth.

In testimony that l' claim the above I have hereunto vsubscribed my namein the presence of two witnesses.

GEORGE WASHINGTON LARAWAY.

Vitnesses:

JOHN A. RoEsER, FRANK E. SEARLE.

